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Morphological analysis of zirconia ceramics: Effect of different surface treatments

Chen Chao, DDS, PhD/Cao Cong, DDS, PhD/Yan Xun, Dental Technician/Xu Bao Hua, DDS, PhD

DOI: 10.11607/prd.6318

Purpose: To investigate the effects of airborne-particle abrasion and nano-silica (nano-Si) infiltration treatment on the surface characteristics of dental zirconia. Material and methods. Fifteen unsintered zirconia ceramic green bodies (10 ×10 × 3mm) were divided into three groups (n = 5): Group C, no treatment after sintering; Group S, airborne-particle that was abraded with 50μm aluminum oxide particles after sintering; and Group N, which received infiltration of nano-Si followed by sintering and hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching. The zirconia disks surface roughness were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface morphology of the specimens was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the chemical composition was analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). Data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test (p<0.05). Results. Zirconia surface treatments by infiltration of nano-Si, sintering, and HF etching showed multiple changes in the surface features. The surface roughness of Groups C, S, and N were 0.88 ± 0.07μm, 1.26 ± 0.10μm, and 1.69 ± 0.15μm. respectively. The surface roughness of Group N was significantly higher than that of Groups C and S (p<0.05). EDX analysis showed peaks that corresponded to silica (Si) after infiltration with colloidal Si that disappeared following acid etching. Conclusion. Infiltrating nano-Si increases the surface roughness of zirconia. The formation of retentive nanopores on the surface potentially improves the zirconia–resin cement bonding strengths. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. doi: 10.11607/prd.6318

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